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KMID : 0363320060270010188
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Journal of Korean Oriental Internal Medicine
2006 Volume.27 No. 1 p.188 ~ p.196
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Adverse Effects of Ma-huang according to Dose : A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study
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Hsing Li-Chang
Lee Tae-Ho
Son Dong-Hyuk
Yeo Jin-Ju
Yang Chang-Sop
Seo Eui-Seok
Jang In-San
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Abstract
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Background: Ma-huang (Ephedra sinica) has been widely used to treat respiratory disease in oriental medicine for over a hundred years. Ma-huang preparations contain approximately 1.25% ephedrine alkaloids. Recently, the ephedra alkaloids have received much press lately due to adverse effects in those using whole extracts as ’dietary supplements’ for weight loss or athletic performance enhancement, and these reports are troubling given the increasing use of Ma-huang by the general public. The purpose of this report is to determine the proper dosage to minimize adverse effects and maximize the potential curative value.
Objectives : The object of this study was to find an effective yet low risk dosage of Ma-huang.
Methods : The study was designed as a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. The subjects of this study were 26 adults between 20 to 40 of age who agreed to participate in this study. They were allocated through randomization into three groups. Each group took three opaque capsules three times a day. A group (N=9) took one Ma-huang capsule and two placebo capsules, B group (N=8) took two Ma-huang capsules and one placebo capsule, C group (N=9) took three Ma-huang capsules. The total trial periods was two days. To compare the adverse effects of Ma-huang according to dosage, blood pressure and pulse were checked, and other adverse effects were assessed using a morning questionnaire, patient’s global assessment scale and Wong-Baker faces pain rating.
Results : The following result were obtained: 1. After taking 18 g of Ma-huang per day, pulse rate had a significant increase. 2. After taking more than 6 g of Ma-huang per day, palpitation would be increased significantly. 3. After taking more than 18 g of Ma-huang per day, tiredness would be increased significantly.
Conclusion: According to the results, 12 g of Ma-huang per day will minimize adverse effects and maximize the potential curative value.
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KEYWORD
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Ma-huang, Adverse effects, Dosage, Ephedra, Ephedrine
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